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Betty MacDonald (March 26, 1908 (some sources indicate 1907) – February 7, 1958) was an American author who specialized in humorous autobiographical tales, and is best known for her book ''The Egg and I''. She also wrote the ''Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle'' series of children's books. She is associated with the Pacific Northwest, especially Washington state. ==Life and work== MacDonald was born Anne Elizabeth Campbell Bard in Boulder, Colorado. Her official birth date is given as March 26, 1908 (although federal census returns seem to indicate 1907).〔U.S. census of 1910, taken in Placerville, Idaho on May 2 and 3, shows that Elizabeth Bard was three years old.〕〔U.S. census of 1920, taken in Seattle, Washington on January 15, 1920, shows that Elizabeth Bard was 12 years old.〕〔U. S. census of 1930, taken in Center, Washington on April 24, 1930, shows that Elizabeth Heskett was 23 years old.〕 Her family moved to the north slope of Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood in 1918, moving to the Laurelhurst neighborhood a year later and finally settling in the Roosevelt neighborhood in 1922, where she graduated from Roosevelt High School in 1924. MacDonald married Robert Eugene Heskett (1895–1951) at age 20 in July 1927;〔In the 1930 census Robert and Elizabeth Heskett are noted as having been married for three years〕 they lived on a chicken farm in the Olympic Peninsula's Chimacum Valley, near Center and a few miles south of the seaside community of Port Townsend. She left Heskett in 1931 and returned to Seattle, where she worked at a variety of jobs to support their daughters Anne and Joan; after the divorce the ex-spouses had virtually no contact. She spent nine months at Firlands Sanitarium near Seattle in 1937–1938 for treatment of tuberculosis. On April 24, 1942, she married Donald C. MacDonald (1910–1975) and moved to Vashon Island, where she wrote most of her books. The MacDonalds moved to California's Carmel Valley in 1956. MacDonald rose to fame when her first book, ''The Egg and I'', was published in 1945. It was a bestseller and was translated into 20 languages. Based on her life on the Chimacum Valley chicken farm, the books introduced the characters Ma and Pa Kettle, who also were featured in the movie version of ''The Egg and I''. The characters become so popular a series of nine more films were made featuring them. In the film of ''The Egg and I'', made in 1947, MacDonald was played by Claudette Colbert. Her husband (simply called "Bob" in the book) was called "Bob MacDonald" in the film, as studio executives were keen not to raise the matter of MacDonald's divorce in the public consciousness. He was played by Fred MacMurray. Although the book was a critical and popular success at publication, in the 1970s it was criticized for its stereotypical treatment of native Americans. It was also been claimed that it "spawned a perception of Washington as a land of eccentric country bumpkins like Ma and Pa Kettle."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Betty MacDonald profile )〕 MacDonald's defenders point out that in the context of the 1940s such stereotyping was far more acceptable. MacDonald faced two lawsuits: by members of a family who claimed she had based the Kettles on them, and by a man who claimed he was the model for the Indian character Crowbar. One lawsuit was settled out of court, while the second went to trial in February 1951. The plaintiffs did not prevail, although the judge indicated he felt they had shown that some of the claims of defamation had merit.〔^The New York Times, February 22, 1951, p. 40. "'Egg and I' Author Wins Suit", (Accessed 20 March 2007, via ProQuest, New York Times (1857–Current File), Document ID 87109916)〕 MacDonald also published three other semi-autobiographical books: ''Anybody Can Do Anything'', recounting her life in the Depression trying to find work; ''The Plague and I'', describing her nine-month stay at the Firlands tuberculosis sanitarium; and ''Onions in the Stew'', about her life on Vashon Island with her second husband and daughters during the war years. She also wrote the Mrs. Piggle Wiggle series of children's books and another children's book, entitled ''Nancy and Plum''. A posthumous collection of her writings, entitled ''Who Me?,'' was later released. MacDonald died in Seattle of cancer on February 7, 1958. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Betty MacDonald」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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